[122] By the power of his personal influence among the mercenaries and the surrounding African peoples, superior strategy and some luck, as well as cooperation, if unenthusiastic, from Hanno the Great, Hamilcar crushed the revolt by 237 BC amid a war marked with cruel atrocities from both sides.[123]. Media in category "Hamilcar Barca". Carthaginians may have taken control of the mining operations and introduced new technologies to increase production. Corrections? Hamilcar had managed to persuade the Numidian prince Naravas to defect with his cavalry force to the Carthaginian side, lured by the promise of Hamilcar's daughter for his wife. The Iberians had support from Celtiberian tribes and were under the command of two chieftains, Istolatios and his brother. He met fierce resistance from the Iberia tribes, even the friendly Bastetani offered battle. First, Hamilcar broke the rebel siege of Carthage and then defeated an army led by Spendius near the Bagradas River. Hamilcar Barca or Barcas ( c. 275-228 BC) was a Carthaginian general and statesman, leader of the Barcid family, and father of Hannibal, Hasdrubal and Mago. [79] The influence Hamilcar enjoyed among the people and the opposition party enabled him to avoid standing trial. HAMILCAR. The war, which had started in 264 BC, continued after the Romans abandoned Africa; however, neither side gained a decisive advantage until 249 BC. Spendius rallied his forces, was reinforced by a detachment largely made of Gauls under Autaritus and shadowed Hamilcar as he advanced south east, keeping to the high ground to avoid Carthaginian elephants and cavalry and harassing their enemy at every possible opportunity. The Romans responded by blockading Hamilcar, but he seems to have been able to break out regularly and continue his guerrilla tactics. i. p. 391; Auson. Carthage was on the rise again and eager to create a wider Mediterranean empire. Envoys were sent to Hamilcar demanding an explanation. Hamilcar, captured during the wars, spent on distribution to his soldiers and sent to Carthage to buy the favor of the people and part of the aristocracy and make the idea of conquering Spain more popular. [112] It is possible that Hamilcar died battling the Vettoni, who lived across the Tagus west of Toledo and to the north of Turduli and northwest of Oretani territory. These "Fabian tactics" continued until Hamilcar encamped in a valley, probably near Nepheris, and the rebels trapped his army, with the Libyans blocking the exit, Spendius and his troops camping near the Punic army and the Numidians covering Hamilcar's rear. Hamilcar Barca Conquers Iberia Hamilcar Barca had received much of the blame for causing the Truceless War, owing to the unrealistic promises he made to his troops while leading Carthaginian forces in Sicily. Not only did the Carthaginians lose the First Punic War and so the control of Sicily but they were also compelled to pay huge reparations to Rome. As the strain on the Punic population increased, Carthaginian authorities then sent them off to Sicca, planning to plead with the whole army to forgo their unpaid wages by pointing out the dire financial situation of Carthage. Hamilcar Barca (c. 275-228 BC), the great Carthaginian general and father of the famous Hannibal and his brothers Hasdrubal and Mago, was from North Africa, perhaps born in Cyrene in Libya, according to some scholars. While Carthage was busy settling state affairs, Spendius and Matho decided to blockade the city from the landward side. Hasdrubal defeated the rebels, killing 8,000 and taking 2,000 prisoners before returning to Iberia. Hamilcar refused and slaughtered all of them except for the commanders. Neither side would seek to recruit soldiers, levy tribute or build public buildings on the other power's territories. Home Team History on Should Black Me. 143; Miano, Diccion. Hamilcar's other two sons were Hasdrubal Barca and Hasdrubal Gisco, both of whom commanded during the Second Punic War. Then the enterprising Hamilcar Barca came to the fore. As Carthage no longer had the resources for a large army, he could not face the enemy in an all-out battle, but he did manage to capture Eryx in 244 BCE, which became his new base. The Carthaginian leadership probably thought Rome had been defeated and invested little manpower in Sicily. License. Department of History 106 Dulles Hall 230 Annie & John Glenn Avenue Columbus, OH 43210. He makes his first appearance when the series' events shift to Relic's Point, overseeing the research and . According to Appian, Hamilcar was thrown from his horse and drowned in a river,[116] but Polybius says he fell in battle in an unknown corner of Iberia against an unnamed tribe. However, the Carthaginian authorities waited until the whole army had gathered at Carthage, probably by the summer of 241 BC. Hamilcar Barca (ca. [64] In response, Hamilcar began to harass the rebel supply lines and soon the rebels were placed in a state of siege. The Carthaginians needed to gain the far side of the Bagradas, so they could manoeuvre freely, but lacked the strength to force a crossing against the superior rebel force guarding against this. One historian commented that had he not been the father of Hannibal, Hamilcar's Sicilian front might have received scant notice. Books [56] Hamilcar had managed to train his new recruits in some drill and basic battlefield maneuvers before they left Carthage. Willing to relocate. 270 a.C. - 228 a.C.) foi um estadista e general cartagins responsvel pela conquista da Hispnia por Cartago. The Carthaginians had gained command of the sea after their victories in 249 BC, but they only held two cities in Sicily: Lilybaeum and Drepanum by the time Hamilcar took up command. [86] Hamilcar's political clout in Carthage may have been enough to stifle any opposition in Carthage against his Iberian venture,[87] or he did face stiff opposition and had used the booty from his Iberian campaigns to buy his way out. He fights with a sword and shield, which could mean he fights as either a Murmillo, Thraex, or Samnite. Hamilcar Barca. In addition to maintaining a fleet and soldiers in Sicily, they were also fighting the Libyans and Numidians in northern Africa. Cartwright, M. (2016, June 01). The Book of Inventions; Thomas J. Craughwell; 2008. Carthage would evacuate all islands between Italy and Sicily probably the Aegates Islands in addition to the. His third daughter married the Berber ally Naravas,[120] a Numidian chieftain whose defection had saved Hamilcar and his army during the mercenary war. Special interests include art, architecture, and discovering the ideas that all civilizations share. More About Hamilcar: Astrological Sign: Aries: Date of birth: April 6, 1964: Religion . Browse 50 hamilcar barca stock photos and images available, or start a new search to explore more stock photos and images. Because Carthaginians kept no written chronicles of Hannibals life, historical knowledge of Hannibal was based upon Carthaginian oral traditions and entirely on Roman written records. Rome, which had dealt with Carthage with all due honor and courtesy during the crisis, going as far as to release all Punic prisoners without ransom and refuse to accept offers from Utica and Rebels mercenaries based in Sardinia to incorporate these territories into the Roman domain, seized Sardinia and Corsica and forced Carthage to pay 1,200 talents for her initial refusal to renounce her claim over the islands. [43], Lutatius did not have the authority to ratify the agreement he made with Hamilcar, so he forwarded them to the Comitia Centuriata in Rome. Boston Harbor. In the process, Hamilcar created a professional army of Iberians, Africans, Numidians and other mercenaries that Hasdrubal the Fair would inherit and Hannibal would later lead across the Alps to immortality. Its reign began with Hamilcar Barca or Barcas (c. 275-228 BC), who was the Carthaginian general and statesman, leader of the Barcid family, and father of Hannibal, Hasdrubal and Mago. He was also fatherinlaw to Hasdrubal the Fair. Hamilcar commanded the Carthaginian land forces in Sicily from 247 BC to 241 BC, during the latter stages of the First Punic War. During the Second Punic War, Hannibal inflicted crushing defeats on Roman armies, particularly in the battle of Cannae where 70,000 Romans died following the engagement. Deprived of leadership, and unaware of the pact, the mercenaries suspected treachery; the Libyans were the first to attack Hamilcar's positions. Carthage often hauled defeated generals and admirals before the Tribunal of 100 and had them crucified, so Hamilcar probably distanced himself from the possibility of prosecution if the Roman terms turned out to be harsh enough for Carthaginian authorities to seek a scapegoat. Their heavy handedness with Sardinian natives caused native Sardinians to attack and expel the mercenaries by 237 BC. Hamilcar exited the valley and, after a hard-fought battle, defeated the army of Spendius. Hamilcar Barca was a member of the Barcid clan of Carthage and the father of Hannibal Barca, Rome's most notorious enemy, who crossed the Alps and caused havoc in Italy in the Second Punic War (218 - 201 BCE). Hamilcar had been undefeated and was forced to make peace. Hamilcar was a young man of 28 when he received the Sicilian command in 247 BC. World History Encyclopedia is a non-profit organization. Training for the army was obtained in some Numidian forays, then Hamilcar marched the army westwards to the Pillars of Hercules. Hamilcar's army was saved by pure luck a Numidian chieftain, Naravas, who would later marry Hamilcar's third daughter, defected with 2,000 horsemen. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Valerius Maximus has Hamilcar speak of "four lion's whelps which I have raised to exterminate the Roman name. He was born in 247 BC to Hamilcar Barca who was also a chief in the Carthaginian army. Because of his place in military history, people often question his origin and black African ethnicity. Hamilcar Barca ( #89-A-8926 ) < Previous Employment Profile Next Employment Profile > Employment; Skills. Completed Exodus Transitional Program. 275 - 228 BC) was a Carthaginian general and statesman, leader of the Barcid family, and father of Hannibal, Hasdrubal and Mago. [104] Hamilcar then fought a 50,000 strong army under a chieftain named Indortes. The name Hamilcar (PunicPhoenician mlqrt, brother of Melqart) was a common name for Carth The Romans rejected these terms and appointed ten commissioners, led by Quantius Lutatius Cerco, brother of the consul and himself consul in 240 BC, to reexamine the conditions. [88] Phoenician colonies were strung along the Atlantic and Mediterranean coasts of southwestern Spain and exercised some degree of control over their immediate areas, but only had trading contacts, not direct control, over the tribes of Iberia at that time. However, the rebels regrouped, and observing lax discipline among the Punic troops, launched a surprise sortie and routed the Punic army while Hanno was absent,[52] driving the survivors to Utica and capturing all the baggage. There are several versions to what happened next: Orissus offered to aid Hamilcar, then attacked the Punic army, and Hamilcar drowned during a retreat across the Jucar river;[114] the Oretani sent ox-driven carts to the Carthaginian position, then set them on fire and Hamilcar died in the resulting melee;[115] Hamilcar accepted an offer to parley, then led the enemy in one direction while Hannibal and Hasdrubal Barca fled in the opposite direction. Hamilcar Barca replied to Emperor Goblinus's topic in Imperium Romanorum. Some of Hamilcars anger at Rome was transferred to his son Hannibal, whoaccording to Polybius and Livyswore eternal enmity against Rome. They chose Hamilcar. Themes. In 231 BC, a Roman embassy visited Hamilcar in Spain to inquire about his activities. [59] The modern historian Dexter Hoyos stresses that "[s]uch manoeuvres were about the simplest that any army could learn, once it mastered the absolute basics of marching in formation". Monolito Amilcar Elche Sierra.jpg 640 480; 43 KB. Newest results. [28] He also set about improving the spirit of the army, and succeeded in creating a highly disciplined and versatile force. J.-C.) tait un gnral carthaginois actif lors de la premire guerre punique (264-241 av. Nothing had come of these supposed episodes and some scholars doubt their authenticity. In an effort to reestablish their position, they decided to make a scapegoat of Hamilcar Barca. In the same year, both Hippacra and Utica joined the rebels. One of coins found in Italy, near the battle site of Lake Trasimene where Hannibals Carthaginian Army defeated the Romans, shows an African man on one side with the characteristic strong African features such as curly hair, thick lips, and full nose; on the coins opposite side shows an elephant. The Iberian army fled before the battle was joined. It is possible that Hamilcar Barca secured the last clause after the initial conditions, which were more favorable to Carthage, was altered by Rome with a harsher one. Please note that content linked from this page may have different licensing terms. Hamilcar Barca: The Life and Legacy of the Legendary Carthaginian General Kindle Edition by Charles River Editors (Author) Format: Kindle Edition 5 ratings See all formats and editions Kindle $0.00 Read with Kindle Unlimited to also enjoy access to over 3 million more titles $3.99 to buy Paperback $8.99 1 Used from $10.20 4 New from $8.99 (Encyclopaedia Britannica . The answer was Spain. In 202 BCE, Hannibal was called back to Africa to defend Carthage against invading Roman military forces, and there he was finally defeated by Scipio Africanus at the battle of Zama. vol. Hamilcar commanded the Carthaginian land forces in Sicily from 247 BC to 241 BC, during the latter stages of the First Punic War. The Carthaginian state was led by the landed aristocracy at the time, and they preferred to expand across northern Africa instead of pursuing an aggressive policy in Sicily. [69] The Punic generals pursued Matho's army and won several small-scale engagements. Hannibal Barca was born in Carthage (present-day Tunisia) in approximately 247 B.C. He kept his army intact and led a successful guerrilla war against the Romans in Sicily. For at a time when some say Hannibal was black and others that he was white, De Sousa tells us (and other ancient Iberian historians agree) that Hamilcar Barca had taken a Lusitanian woman as bride and had children by her. Thus, in 241, the First Punic War drew to a close with the establishment of a new imperial power in the West. Hamilcar Barca | Father of Hannibal and Enemy of Rome | Carthaginian History 2,359 views Apr 22, 2022 144 Dislike Share Serapeum 2.07K subscribers I guess this can be counted as the spiritual. Sicily. [99] Iberian and Celtiberian tribes were not under any unified leadership at this time and were warlike, although some had absorbed varying degrees of Greek and Punic cultural influence. Accordingly, Hamilcar Barca was dispatched in 237 BCE to expand Carthaginian territory, which he did, establishing his base at Gades (Cadiz) and founding a new city of Acra Leuce. World History Encyclopedia, 01 Jun 2016. The war started to improve for Carthage when they were aided by Rome, who repatriated captured Carthaginian soldiers for free, and the tyrant of Syracuse Hiero, who feared that without Carthage then Rome might act at will in the central Mediterranean. [78] This event may have taken place as early as 241 BC or more likely in 237 BC. The war was now becoming particularly brutal with atrocities committed on both sides. Hamilcar Barca, vel Barcas ( Punice , a barak, 'fulgur') (natus 270 a.C.n. 116117, Goldsworthy, Adrian, The Fall of Carthage, p135-36, Lazenby, J.F, The First Punic War, p. 175. Hamilcar is the latinization of Hamlkas (Greek: ), the hellenized form of the common Semitic Phoenician-Carthaginian masculine given name MLK (Punic: )[1][2] or MLQRT (),[citation needed] meaning "Melqart's brother". [50] Hamilcar's former soldiers, who had been kept together only by his personal authority and by the promise of good pay, broke out into open mutiny once Hanno the Great tried to impose this, and marched on Carthage and encamped at Tunis. The Carthaginians destroyed the rebel army, after which the Libyan towns submitted to Carthage. [11] It was to be seven years before Rome again attempted to field a substantial fleet.[12][13]. Italy. Discussion Starter. vii. The riches from these campaigns were channelled back to Carthage. Hamilcar besieged Indortes, tortured and crucified him after his surrender but allowed 10,000 of the captured enemy soldiers to go home.[105]. Hamilcar Barca is a legendary purple general in Evony The King's Return. Hamilcar simply replied that he was fighting to gather enough booty to pay off the war indemnity. Greek piracy had forced Carthage to team up with the Etruscans to drive the Greeks from Corsica, and destroy the colony at Mainke in Iberia. By 231 BC, Hamilcar Barca had consolidated his Iberian territorial gains and established the city of Akra Leuke (Alicante),[108][109] probably in 235 BC, to guard Punic holdings, and possibly took over the area of Massalian colonies near the mouth of Sucro River. J.-C. avant de retourner l'tranger, o il russit tendre les intrts carthaginois dans le sud de l'Espagne. Our publication has been reviewed for educational use by Common Sense Education, Internet Scout, Merlot II, OER Commons and School Library Journal. [23] The Romans had divided their forces: Consul L. Caelius Metellus was near Lilybaeum, while Numerius Fabius Buteo was besieging Drepanum at that time. Hamilcar Barca was a daring, intelligent young man. Hamilcar's sons, Hannibal and Hasdrubal, had accompanied him. ), pater Hannibalis, fuit vir publicus, dux Punicus, et conditor Barcidarum generis. He held command (247-41) during the first Punic War and established Carthaginian influence in Spain (237-?228) The end finally came on 10th March 241 BCE when the Romans defeated a Carthaginian fleet led by Hanno sent to relieve the besieged city of Drepana off the Aegates Islands (Isole Egadi). All his family members were employed in the army and made major contributions to . [8] The Romans had occupied most of Sicily by 249 BC and they besieged the last two Carthaginian strongholds in the extreme west. Seizing upon Carthages weakness, Rome took the islands of Sardinia and Corsica, and, when an enraged Hamilcar moved to respond, Rome increased the amount of the Carthaginian indemnity. xxiv. They had remained in power throughout the Mercenary War and had advocated Hanno's position over Hamilcar's more than once. [55] Hamilcar observed that wind blowing from a certain direction uncovered a sandbar at the river mouth that was fordable and, under cover of night, the Punic army left Carthage and crossed the river. Hamilcar had three sons, Hannibal, Hasdrubal and Mago, who were all to have distinguished military careers. By 490 BC, Massalia had managed to defeat Carthage twice, and a boundary along Cape Nao in Iberia was agreed upon,[102] while Carthage had closed the Straits of Gibraltar to foreign shipping. Carthage had beaten a Roman army in Africa, but Rome seemed able to replace their naval fleets at will. The Carthaginians were marching in good order so they could perform a pre-planned manoeuvre which they had practiced in Carthage, but the rebels, many of whom were inexperienced soldiers, believed that the Carthaginians were running away. When this was done in an ancient-history classroom at the University of Pennsylvania, Prof. William C. McDermott responded: "Yes, Hannibal was as black as King David." The great Carthaginian was. [41] Lutatius did not press the issue further, and the Carthaginian soldiers were later allowed to leave Sicily under arms with their honor intact,[42] and without any token of submission a rare gesture granted by the Romans to a defeated enemy. Four years of constant campaigns, details of which are not known, saw Hamilcar subdue the area between Gades and Cape Nao. The enterprising Hamilcar Barca who was also a chief in the same year both. Probably the Aegates islands in addition to maintaining a fleet and soldiers Sicily... 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