The duo of Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein have become synonymous with reporting the comings and goings of the Watergate scandal. Other commentators, however, have speculated that Felt may have had more personal reasons for leaking information to Woodward. The times, they are a-changing, as the song goes. In 1973, I recall standing on Pennsylvania Avenue with Carl after a court hearing. Once these two reporters were handed the assignment to write about the burglary of the Watergate complex, they began to reveal all of the hidden secrets and the . Published in the late spring of 1974, All the President's Men was an immediate best seller. Thank goodness Baez had Danny's back on this one. The reference to Woodward and Bernstein was classic Frank, too, telling Garrett to follow the money without saying so explicitly. Frank's not usually one to shy away from speaking his mind, nor does he care about the consequences of defying ridiculous orders coming from the mayor's office. And anyone looking for a reason why the former FBI deputy chief "outed" himself as "Deep Throat" could apply the same principle. All rights reserved. Garrett is the one to put Frank in his place when he needs it, and any man who dares stand up to Frank is as tough as they come. "A good secret deserves a decent burial and this one is going to get a state funeral," said former Nixon counsel Leonard Garment, author of In Search of Deep Throat. What did you think of how Eddie handled McNichols? Dear Cheryl, One of the men I'm dating is 23 years younger than me. Woodward struck up a conversation and eventually learned of Felt's position in the upper echelon of the FBI. Frank: There may be some personnel changes in my office, but they're confidential til they're not. We tried to avoid the noise and let the reporting speak. He had nothing but contempt for the Nixon White House and their efforts to manipulate the Bureau for political reasons."[25]. Blind Irish Paralympian refused entry to restaurant with guide dog, Freezing rain, snow and ice warnings for Thursday as cold snap continues, I will inherit my aunts house, so my cousins dont think theyre responsible for her any more, I was born in a mother and baby home. After Hoover died he was passed over for William Sullivan. If Woodward wanted a meeting, he put an empty flower pot at the back of his balcony. ." In February 2005, Nixon's former White House Counsel, news columnist John Dean, reported that Woodward had recently informed Bradlee that "Deep Throat" was ailing and Bradlee had written Deep Throat's obituary. Felt arrived soon after for a separate appointment and sat next to Woodward in the waiting room. The first time Woodward used information from Felt in a Washington Post story was in mid-May 1972, a month before the Watergate burglary, when Woodward was reporting on Arthur Bremer, who had attempted to assassinate presidential candidate George C. Wallace. Gone back over and over to our sources-asked ourselves and them, whats missing? Now in poor health after a stroke, when the news broke, he just waved at the media from his front door in Santa Rosa, grinning broadly. But Bernstein and Woodward were already branching out into another form of journalism, having secured a contract to write a book on their Watergate investigations. When we were working on our second book, The Final Days, Woodward did 17 interviews with Richard Nixons White House lawyer. However, the date of retrieval is often important. Mark's Felt's covert advice to Woodward and Bernstein as they investigated corruption in the Nixon administration was always: "Follow the money". David Halberstam, The Powers That Be (1979) places the Bernstein and Woodward story into a history of recent American journalism. According to the authors, Deep Throat was a key source of information behind a series of articles that introduced the misdeeds of the Nixon administration to the general public. Felt was testifying before the jury when a juror asked him, out of the blue, "Were you Deep Throat? If "Deep Throat" needed to see him, he would ink the hands of a clock (giving the time to meet) on page 20 of the copy of The New York Times before Woodward picked it up from his doorstep. Commenting on Felt's motivations for serving as Deep Throat, Woodward wrote, "Felt believed he was protecting the bureau by finding a way, clandestine as it was, to push some of the information from the FBI interviews and files out to the public, to help build public and political pressure to make Nixon and his people answerable. His daughter, Tali, attends the University of California at Berkeley. Starting small and building step-by-step, they connected the dots that led from a third-rate burglary at the Watergate Office . [18] Mann recalled that before the Watergate scandal, Woodward had made references to a high-placed source he had in the FBI. This article was originally published on TIME.com. "[17] Jacob reportedly made this claim approximately 11 years prior, when he and Culeman-Beckman were classmates. On May 31, 2005, Vanity Fair revealed that Felt was Deep Throat in an article on its website by John D. O'Connor, an attorney acting on Felt's behalf. As of 1997 Woodward is an assistant managing editor of the CIA in Veil (1987), the Pentagon and the Gulf War in The Commanders (1991), and the Clinton White House in The Agenda (1994). "Woodward just showed up at the door and said he was in the area," Joan Felt was quoted as saying in Kessler's book, which was published in 2002. Carl Bernstein, born on February 14, 1944, in Washington, D.C., began part-time work at the Washington Star at the age of 16 and later dropped out of the University of Maryland to work full-time as a reporter. Do you like or hate the new mayor so far? [5] As of 2022[update], the garage had not been demolished. President, the media is not fake news, he said. Bernstein and Woodward pursued documentary evidence by cross-checking telephone books, airline records, building directories, hotel records, andin what some claimed were violations of journalistic ethics confidential credit card and telephone company records. The annual event was the first in decades that a president has skipped. Woodward, with Scott Armstrong, wrote a study of the Supreme Court, The Brethren (1979); and Woodward wrote a study of the death by drug overdose of comedian John Belushi, Wired: The Short Life and Fast Times of John Belushi (1984). Q&A: How will scheme to fund repairs to defective apartments work? Yes! Democratic National Committee in the Watergate complex. Nora Ephron's novel Heartburn (1983) caused a minor journalistic sensation with its fictionalized description of her divorce from Bernstein. [1] For more than 30 years, Deep Throat's identity was one of the biggest mysteries of American politics and journalism and the source of much public curiosity and speculation. [27] He said he discovered that he had already seen the paper in 2006 after Woodward released interview files with people who were not Deep Throat. [17] James Mann, who had worked at the Post at the time of Watergate scandal and was close to the investigation, brought a great deal of evidence together in a 1992 article in The Atlantic Monthly. From the time of the break-in, and through the fall and winter of 1972-1973, Bernstein and Woodward, under increasing public attack from White House spokesmen, worked virtually alone on the story. Whatever the climate, whether the medias revered or reviled, we should and must persist, and, I believe, we will. Then in March 1973 one of the Watergate burglars, James McCord, a former CIA official, wrote a letter to Judge John Sirica, who was trying his case, that essentially confirmed the Bernstein and Woodward stories. J. Anthony Lukas speculated that Deep Throat was W. Mark Felt in his book Nightmare: The Underside of the Nixon Years (1976), based on three New York Times Sunday Magazine articles, but he was widely criticized. [27] Gray wrote that he contacted Stephen Mielke, the archivist who oversees the Woodward-Bernstein collection at the University of Texas, who said that a carbon copy of the paper contained a note in Woodward's handwriting attributing the interview to Donald Santarelli, an official with the Department of Justice during the Watergate era. In addition, they tracked down and interviewed a large number of people who gradually revealed various pieces of the puzzle. The dogged duo used their experience uncovering the Watergate scandal to implore journalists to focus on their work now more than ever. (Spiro Agnew, who had been elected as Nixon's vice president in 1968 and 1972, had resigned in October 1973 after pleading no contest to a charge of tax evasion.). In 1974, Carl Bernstein and Bob Woodward joined forces to write a non-fiction book about their investigative experiences uncovering the details of Watergate. In February the U.S. Senate voted seventy to zero to establish a committee of four Democrats and three Republicans to investigate the Watergate affair. Were reporters-not judges, not legislators. Woodward lives in Washington, D.C., with his wife, Elsa Walsh, a writer for The New Yorker and the author of Divided Lives. I don't know. Woodward, in All the President's Men, first mentions "Deep Throat" on page 71. The development and help of Deep Throat, Mark Felt, as a source was a deeply human enterprise. The press, especially the so-called mainstream media, comes under regular attack, particularly during presidential campaigns like this one, and its aftermath. We heard about document destruction, a massive house-cleaning at the Nixon reelection committee, a money trail, an organized, well-funded coverup. But others had received more attention over the years, such as Pat Buchanan, Henry Kissinger, then-Associate Justice William Rehnquist, General Alexander Haig, and, before "Deep Throat" was confirmed a man, Diane Sawyer. Let me list here a few of the primary elements of Bernsteins repertorial education from Woodward: one, almost inevitably, unreasonable government secrecy is the enemy, and usually the giveaway about what the real story might be. In The Choice, he uses his proven research methods for an illuminating examination of the quest for the presidency. The reason Woodward and Bernstein were able to tell the the world that Nixon's White House was full of crooks is because the Washington Post wasn't part of that conspiracy. [26] It also led to speculation that the authors played at condensing history in the same way Hollywood scriptwriters do. I don't like change. Most online reference entries and articles do not have page numbers. Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein were two young reporters on a chase for money, but this chase led them into one of the nations largest scandals. Thank goodness she cooled down and acted like an adult eventually. The Nixon tapes show he was distrusted by the president, who in October 1972 singled him out as part of a plot against him. The psychiatrist said other DAs offices were refusing to work with her too, so hopefully, Erin will make a few calls and straighten that out as part of her amends-making process. Ben Bradlee, the former editor and the only other person officially in the know, commented: "What would you think the odds were that this town could keep that secret for this long?". On June 17, 1972, Woodward was assigned to cover a story about an attempted burglary the night before in which five men had been arrested at the headquarters of the A month later, just days after the Watergate break-in, Woodward called Felt at his office, which marked the first time Woodward spoke with Felt about Watergate. One day after Alfred E. Lewis broke the news of the Watergate burglary to Washington Post readers, two young Post reporters named Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein picked up the story. "[14] However, Woodward and Bernstein were tight-lipped concerning their informant's identity. This practice was usually followed scrupulously, but broke down when Bernstein and Woodward wrongly claimed that Hugh Sloan, a CRP official, had implicated H. R. "Bob" Haldeman, Nixon's chief of staff, in testimony before a grand jury. Adrian Havill investigated these claims for his 1993 biography of Woodward and Bernstein and found them to be factually impossible. It did so in a lead story yesterday. By clicking Accept all you agree that Yahoo and our partners will process your personal information, and use technologies such as cookies, to display personalised ads and content, for ad and content measurement, audience insights, and product development. Also revealed was the fact that Woodward's copy of The New York Times had his apartment number indicated on it. Woodward and "Deep Throat" devised cloak-and-dagger methods to avoid detection and would rendezvous in an underground car park. Nixon resigned from the presidency on August 9, 1974, after tape recordings that he had ordered made, and then tried to conceal from and deny to investigators, were made public. A great many of the participants in the Watergate story have written books about their parts in the events. Woodward and Bernstein: Lighting the Fire: Directed by Gary Leva. What did you think, fellow Blue Blood fanatics? Bernstein and Woodward's All the President's Men (1974) and The Final Days (1976) capture the excitement of the chase, the enormity of the constitutional crisis, and the agony of the downfall. You never know what the real story is until youve done the reporting, as Woodward says, exhaustively. (They later discovered that Sloan meant to communicate to them that Haldeman was guilty, but that Sloan had not said so to the grand jury because he had not been asked.) They hounded five women!, Bradlees response: Thats the nicest thing Ive heard about them in years!. The tapes incontrovertibly showed that he had participated in an attempt to obstruct justice from as early as six days after the Watergate burglary. His death was never announced", "Monday Properties asks for more time to redevelop 'Deep Throat' garage", "New Zealand man's Deep Throat mystery solved", "Revenge Was Felt's Motive, Former Acting FBI Chief Says", "President Called Felt a 'Traitor' in '73", "Deep Throat and Me: Now It Can Be Told and Not for the First Time Either", "Bob Woodward who exposed Watergate scandal reveals story of friendship that brought down US president", "Why Did Bob Woodward Lunch With Mark Felt in 1999? Bernstein and Woodward stayed on the story, though the government agencies they had helped to prod into activity now began to resent their continuing revelations. Bernstein and Woodward did not, all by themselves, bring about the destruction of the Nixon presidency, but some historians of the period do credit their early investigations with both informing and stimulating the official investigations by a special prosecutor, the courts, the Senate Watergate Committee, and the Judiciary Committee of the House of Representatives that eventually forced Nixon to resign when it was revealed that he had participated in the cover-up almost from the beginning. Howard Simons was the managing editor of the Post during Watergate. [16], In 1999, a 19-year-old college student, Chase Culeman-Beckman, claimed that Bernstein's son, Jacob, told her Mark Felt was Deep Throat. He's a golden retriever when you need a pitbull. The burglary was revealed as part of an extensive program of political espionage and sabotage run by Nixon subordinates at the White House and its political campaign organization, the Committee to Re-Elect the President (CRP, or, as referred to in most later press coverage, CREEP). and Gaines believed that statements by Woodward ruled out Deep Throat's being in the FBI and that Deep Throat often had information before the FBI did. Richard Nixon tried to make the conduct of the press the issue in Watergate, instead of the conduct of the president and his men. [26], From a literary business perspective, this theory was further supported by David Obst, the agent who originally marketed the draft for All the President's Men, who stated that the initial typescript of the book contained absolutely no reference to Deep Throat. McNichols already had enough resentment of the Reagan name without Jamie defending his wife. Carl Bernstein (born 1944) and Robert Woodward (born 1943), investigative reporters for the Washington Post, wrote a series of articles about the Watergate scandals that led to the resignation of President Richard Nixon. Deep Throat is the pseudonym given to the secret informant who provided information in 1972 to Bob Woodward, who shared it with Carl Bernstein.Woodward and Bernstein were reporters for The Washington Post, and Deep Throat provided key details about the involvement of U.S. president Richard Nixon's administration in what came to be known as the Watergate scandal. ", "Throat Clearing; Watergate conspiracy theories that still won't die", "Deep Throat, Antihero: His unmasking makes everybody look a little less noble", "In the Prelude to Publication, Intrigue Worthy of Deep Throat", Former FBI agent says 3 FBI officials helped W. Mark Felt leak information about Watergate probe to the press, National Center for the Analysis of Violent Crime, Child Abduction and Serial Murder Investigative Resources Center, Criminal Justice Information Services Division, Computer and Internet Protocol Address Verifier, Integrated Automated Fingerprint Identification System, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deep_Throat_(Watergate)&oldid=1132086106, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from May 2021, Short description is different from Wikidata, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2022, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles needing additional references from January 2020, All articles needing additional references, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2020, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. Woodward had married reporter Francie Barnard, and Bernstein was dating Nora Ephron, whom he married on April 14, 1976, 10 days after the movie debuted in Washington. WASHINGTON Watching Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein on stage at the White House Correspondents' Association Dinner on Saturday night was like a Simon and Garfunkel reunion. Soon after the Nixon resignation, Bernstein and Woodward began work with a team of researchers on The Final Days, an account of the last months of Nixon's presidency, based on interviews with 394 people. He is now rushing out a short book he had written for publication after "Deep Throat's" death. [27] Other interview notes attributed to "X" were interpreted by Gray as containing content that could not have been known by Felt. The reference to Woodward and Bernstein was classic Frank, too, telling Garrett to follow the money without saying so explicitly. This had caused some scholars and commentators to come to the conclusion that Deep Throat could not possibly be a single person, and must be a composite of several sources. He walked to the house. As of 1997 Woodward is an assistant managing editor of the CIA in Veil (1987), the Pentagon and the Gulf War in The Commanders (1991), and the Clinton White House in The Agenda (1994). Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. "[7], Further, while Woodward stressed these precautions in his book, he also admits to having called "Deep Throat" on the telephone at his home. Soon other newspapers began to investigate the Watergate story more energetically, and legislative and judicial agencies began to uncover a larger and larger pattern of lawbreaking. No one would talk. Bernstein and Woodward stayed on the story, though the government agencies they had helped to prod into activity now began to resent their continuing revelations. According to author Ronald Kessler's book The Bureau: The Secret History of the FBI, Felt's daughter Joan, who was caring for her father, told Kessler in an interview for his book in August 2001 that back in the summer of 1999, Woodward showed up unexpectedly at their Santa Rosa home and took Felt to lunch. The scandal eventually led to the resignation of President Nixon, as well as to prison terms for White House Chief of Staff H. R. Haldeman, G. Gordon Liddy, Egil Krogh, White House Counsel Charles Colson, former United States Attorney General John N. Mitchell, former White House Counsel John Dean, and presidential adviser John Ehrlichman. , and, I believe, we will & # x27 ; m dating is 23 years younger me... Reference to Woodward and Carl Bernstein have become synonymous with reporting the comings and goings of the blue, were... Condensing history in the events and Carl Bernstein have become synonymous with reporting the comings goings! 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